Per default, AtRIS uses a spherical phantom corresponding to an ICRU sphere (15 cm radius) but made of water.
We did not want to use Tissue Equivalent Material (TEM) since it express the radiation hazard to humans in specific. Although the use of non spherical phantoms could be possible, since to AtRIS they are nothing more but a 2D histogram, the question of normalization becomes much more difficult. Let us consider how AtRIS works:
Read in “icru_response.txt”
For each particle (primary and secondary) do the following when it crosses from one sensitive detector (atmospheric shell) to another:
Identify particle, check if relevant to dose rate calculations.
If so:
Retrieve from “icru_response” the efficiency corresponding $\mathcal{I}_R$ to this particle and energy $E$
in the absorbed dose matrix:
determine the altitude and primary energy index
increase the corresponding value by $E\cdot\mathcal{I}_R$
check if the particle has a non-zero radiation weighting factor $W_R$. if so:
in the equivalent dose matrix $\mathcal{I}_A$ increase at proper location the existing value by $E\cdot\mathcal{I}_R\cdot W_R$
Finish simulation
Perform normalization:
Divide each column of matrices $\mathcal{I}_R$ and $\mathcal{I}_A$ with the number of primary particles $n_j$ generated in the corresponding bin
Multiply with $\pi\cdot A_{PHANTOM}$ to account for the geometric factor of the phantom
Divide with $A_{SDIID}$ to scale the areas properly
Divide with the mass of the phantom $m=\rho\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$, to get energy/mass
When performing the output, force Geant4 to use Greys. Thereby the energy/mass unit conversion is performed automatically.
If one desires to change the phantom, one would need to:
Provide a new icru_response.txt file and replace the original
Provide the new mass of the phantom
Provide the new cross-section surface of the phantom (for a sphere simply $\pi r^2$).